Ap Bio Ch 10 Reading Guide Answers

1 a Read the title, subheading and first paragraph of the text.

Think of some more countries which might have different attitudes to time. What furnishings might these differences have on daily life?

b Read the first sentence of paragraphs B—F.

Is the information in the text organised according to: a) researchers and their findings? b) countries?

In academic texts, each paragraph usually has ane main idea supported past details, examples or prove. Identifying the main idea of each paragraph will assist you lot empathise the text better. In IELTS, this skill is tested in the heading-matching job.

a Read paragraphs A and B. Decide which sentence below, i or 2, reflects the main thought and which is a item, example or piece of bear witness.

Paragraph A

1 You should non be tardily for meetings in New York.

2 Attitudes to time vary between cultures and requite us information about those cultures.

Paragraph B

1 Variations in attitudes to time tin can lead to misunderstandings.

2 Ambassadors need to know the social rules of the countries they live in.

In this chore, yous have to cull the best heading to summarise the main thought of a paragraph or section of the text. There may be an example or examples already washed for yous. To check that you accept selected the heading that matches the main thought, await for words with parallel meanings in the text and the heading.

a Read paragraph A and look at the example (heading x) in questions 1-half dozen of the exam task opposite. Use the underlined key words in the heading to assist you answer these questions.

Which words or phrases in the last sentence of the paragraph have parallel meanings to these?

b At present do the exam task.

Questions 1-6

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A—G.

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings beneath.

List of Headings

i Time and technological development

2 A problem for those researching attitudes to time

iii Learning the laws of fourth dimension for intercultural agreement

4 Time and individual psychology

v Comparing the value of time for different groups of workers

vi Research and conclusions on the speed unlike nationalities live at

vii The history of time measurement

viii Attitudes to time and potency — a cross-cultural relationship

ix Variation in theoretical views of fourth dimension

x Attitude to time as an indication of cultural and individual differences

Case Paragraph AAnswer x

B Back in the 1950s, anthropologist Edward T Hall described how the social rules of time are like a 'silent linguistic communication' for a given culture. These rules might not always be made explicit, he stated, but 'they exist in the air'. He described how variations in the perception of time tin can lead to misunderstandings between people from dissever cultures. 'An ambassador who has been kept waiting past a foreign visitor needs to understand that if his company "just mutters an amends", this is not necessarily an insult.' Hall wrote. 'You must know the social rules of the country to know at what signal apologies are actually due.'

C Social psychologist Robert V Levine says I of the beauties of studying time is that its a wonderful window on culture. Y'all become answers on what cultures value and believe in.' Levine and his colleagues take conducted then-called pace-of-life studies in 31 countries. In A Geography of Time, published in 1997, Levine describes how he ranked the countries by measuring iii things: walking speed on urban sidewalks, how quickly postal clerks could fulfill a asking for a common stamp, and the accuracy of public clocks. From the data he collected, he concluded that the five fastest-paced countries are Switzerland, Ireland, Deutschland, Japan and Italy; the 5 slowest are Syrian arab republic, El Salvador, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico.

D Kevin Nascency, an anthropologist, has examined time perceptions in Trinidad. In that country. Nascence observes, 'if yous are meeting friends at six.00 at night, people show up at vi.45 or 7.00 and say, whatsoever time is Trinidad fourth dimension": When it comes to business, however, that loose approach works only for the people with power. A dominate tin can show up late and just say any time is Trinidad fourth dimension', but those nether him are expected to be on time. Birth adds that the connection between ability and waiting time is true for many other cultures as well.

E The complex nature of time makes it hard for anthropologists and social psychologists to investigate. 'You tin can't but go into a society, walk upwardly to someone and say, "Tell me about your concept of time",' Nativity says. 'People don't really take an reply to that You lot take to come up upwards with other ways to notice out.'

F Birth attempted to get at how Trinidadians regard time by exploring how closely their gild links fourth dimension and money. He surveyed rural residents and plant that farmers whose days are dictated by natural events, such as sunrise – did not recognise the phrases fourth dimension is money, budget your time or time management even though they had satellite TV and were familiar with Western popular culture. Merely tailors in the aforementioned areas were aware of such notions. Birth•concluded that wage work altered the tailors' views of time. 'The ideas of associating time with money are not plant globally,' he says, 'simply are fastened to your job and the people you work with.'

G In improver to cultural variations in how people deal with fourth dimension at a practical level, in that location may be differences in how they visualise information technology from a more theoretical perspective. The Western thought of time has been compared to that of an arrow in flight towards the future; a 1-way view of the hereafter which often includes the expectation that life should get amend as time passes. Some cultures see time every bit closely connected with space: the Australian Aborigines' concept of the 'Dreamtime' combines a myth of how the world began with stories of sacred sites and orientation points that enable the nomadic Aborigines to find their way across the huge Australian landscape For other cultures, time may be seen as a blueprint incorporating the by, nowadays and future, or a bike in which past, present and hereafter revolve endlessly. Just theory and do do not necessarily go together. 'There's oftentimes considerable variation between how a culture views the mythology of fourth dimension and how they think about time in their daily lives,' Birth asserts.

Questions 7-xi

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

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Source: https://kirnetics.com/2019/09/15/1779/

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